UNIT-VI Introduction of Microprocessor 8086:-
Architecture, Addressing modes, instruction set, interrupts, Programming, Memory and I/O interfacing.
Introduction of Microcontrollers – 8051 for embedded systems, Architecture and register set of Microcontroller 8051, Addressing modes, Instruction set of 8051 – Data transfer instructions, Arithmetic instructions, Logic instructions, bit level and byte level control transfer instructions, 8051 assembly programming – stack operations, subroutines, interrupts, 8051 programming as timer/counter, 8051 serial communication, 8051 interfacing RS232, LED/LCD display, Keyboard , Stepper motor.
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UNIT-VII Electrostatics :-
vector calculus, Gauss’s Law, Laplace and Poisson’s equations, Magnetostatics – Biot Savert’s law, Ampere’s law and electromagnetic induction, Maxwell’s equations and wave equations, Plane wave propagation in free space, dielectrics and conductors, Poynting theorem, Reflection and refraction, polarization, interference, coherence and diffraction, Transmission lines and waveguides – line equations, impedance, reflections and voltage standing wave ratio, rectangular waveguides. Antennas – retarded potential and Hertzian dipole, half wave antenna, antenna patterns, radiation intensity, gain, effective area and Frii’s free space receiver power equation.
Microwave Sources and Devices -Reflex Klystron, Magnetron, TWT, Gunn diode, IMPATT diode, Crystal Detector and PIN diode.
Radar – block diagram of Radar, frequencies and power used, Radar range equation.
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UNIT-VIII Analog modulation and demodulation :-
AM, FM and PM, Principle of super heterodyne receiver, Random signals, noise, noise temperature and noise figure, Basic concepts of information theory, Error detection and correction, Digital modulation and demodulation – PCM, ASK, FSK, PSK, BPSK, QPSK and QAM, Time and Frequency-Division Multiplexing, Multiple Access techniques, Data Communications – Modems, Codes, Principles of Mobile and Satellite Communication, Optical communication, Optical sources - LED, spontaneous and stimulated emission, semiconductor Lasers, Detectors – PIN photodiodes, Avalanche photodiodes (APD), Optical fibers – attenuation and dispersion characteristics, Bandwidth, Wavelength division multiplexing.
Fundamentals of Internet of Things (IoT) for communication.
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UNIT-IX Power devices:-
characteristics of SCR, DIAC, TRIAC, power transistors, Protection of thyristors against over voltage and over current. SCR triggering - dv/dt and di/dt, triggering with single pulse and train of pulses, A.C. and D.C. motors - construction and speed control. Switched Mode Power Supply (SMPS). Uninterrupted Power Supply (UPS).
Open loop and closed loop control system, Block Diagram reduction techniques, transfer function and signal flow diagram, Stability criterion: Routh-Hurwitz and Nyquist plot, On-off controller, Proportional (P), Proportional-Integral (PI), Proportional-Derivative (PD), PID controllers.
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UNIT – X Transducers :-
Resistance, Inductance, Capacitance, Piezoelectric, Thermoelectric, Hall effect, Photoelectric, Measurement of displacement, velocity, acceleration, force, torque, strain, temperature, pressure, flow, humidity, thickness, pH. Measuring Equipment – Measurement of R, L and C, Bridge and Potentiometers, voltage, current, power, energy, frequency/time, phase, Digital Multimeters, CRO, Digital Storage Oscilloscope, Spectrum Analyzer., Biomedical Instruments – ECG, EEG, Blood Pressure Measurements, MEMS and its applications Sensors for IoT applications.
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